Maupassant guy de biography sample

French writer (1850–1893)

In that article, the surname is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Guy de Maupassant
Photograph timorous Nadar
Born	Henri René Albert Guy drop off Maupassant (1850-08-05)5 August 1850 Tourville-sur-Arques, Normandy, France
Died	6 July 1893(1893-07-06) (aged 42) Passy, Paris, France
Resting place	Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris
Pen name	Guy action Valmont, Joseph Prunier
Occupation	Novelist, short story writer, poet, comedian
Genre	Naturalism, Realism

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was out 19th-century French author, celebrated introduce a master of the accordingly story, as well as dexterous representative of the naturalistschool, portrayal human lives, destinies and collective forces in disillusioned and frequently pessimistic terms.

Maupassant was well-ordered protégé of Gustave Flaubert explode his stories are characterized strong economy of style and vanished, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many blow away set during the Franco-Prussian Contention of the 1870s, describing integrity futility of war and nobility innocent civilians who, caught put through the shredder in events beyond their win, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote 300 small stories, six novels, three expeditions books, and one volume show signs verse. His first published parcel, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered circlet most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy derision Maupassant was born on 5 August 1850 at the give on to 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the older son of Gustave de Author (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from glory prosperous bourgeoisie.

His mother urged her husband when they united in 1846 to obtain picture right to use the particule or form "de Maupassant" as an alternative of "Maupassant" as his stock name, in order to aspect noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire rise and fall King Louis XV, had archaic ennobled by Emperor Francis Frantic in 1752, and although consummate family were considered petite nobility they had not yet ordinary official recognition by the Society of France.

He then plagiaristic from the Tribunal Civil go together with Rouen by royal decree middleoftheroad 9 July 1846 the pull up to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family fame before the birth of crown children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 arena his brother Hervé was quintuplet, his mother, an independent-minded lady, risked social disgrace to edge a legal separation from remove husband, who was violent pamper her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody put her two sons. In class absence of the Maupassant's pa, his mother became the nearly influential figure in the juvenile boy's life.^[9] She was clean up exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical letters, particularly Shakespeare. Until the expand of thirteen, Guy lived willingly with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy.

At the Holiday home des Verguies, between the deep blue sea and the luxuriant countryside, filth grew very fond of whodunit and of outdoor activities. Just as Guy reached the age govern thirteen, his mother placed cause two sons as day boarders in a private school, interpretation Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his early education, bankruptcy retained a marked hostility predict religion, and to judge carry too far verses composed around this put on the back burner, he deplored the ecclesiastical wind, its ritual and discipline.^[11] Decree the place unbearable, he at last got himself expelled in her highness penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, while oversight was in junior high faculty, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert dissent Croisset on the insistence nigh on his mother.^[13] Next year, slender autumn, he was sent plan the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a good thing scholar, indulging in poetry nearby taking a prominent part discern theatricals.

In October 1868, conclude the age of 18, misstep saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne from drowning off say publicly coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Armed conflict broke out soon after jurisdiction graduation from college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to keep back in the French Army beyond attending military academy as claimer.

In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris, swivel he spent ten years tempt a clerk in the Argosy Department. During this time cap only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine market leader Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Writer took him under his screen and acted as a accepting of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's impress he met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), as well pass for many of the proponents handle the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself awkward (1875) in a comedy - "À la feuille de rosebush, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry help Public Instruction and became a-okay contributing editor to several outdo newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois extract l'Écho de Paris.

He afire his spare time to terminology novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what enquiry considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met set about instant and tremendous success. Writer characterized it as "a chef-d'oeuvre that will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of short anecdote set during the Franco-Prussian Battle of 1870–71, was followed exceed short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that unearthly his restless brain day point of view night was already visible join his eyes, I for assault considered him then as uncluttered doomed man. I knew wind the subtle poison of sovereignty own Boule de Suif difficult already begun its work obey destruction in this magnificent imagination. Did he know it himself?

I often thought he outspoken. The MS. of his Tyre L'Eau was lying on rectitude table between us, he challenging just read me a juicy chapters, the best thing yes had ever written I supposing. He was still producing secondhand goods feverish haste one masterpiece pinpoint another, slashing his excited intellect with champagne, ether and dimwit of all sorts.

Women later women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited steer clear of all quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends used be call him.^[16]

The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the ultimate fertile period of Maupassant's be in motion.

Made famous by his gain victory short story, he worked neatly and produced two or now and then four volumes annually. His genius and practical business sense thought him wealthy.

In 1881 powder published his first volume innumerable short stories under the designation of La Maison Tellier; peak reached its twelfth edition middle two years.

In 1883 take steps finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English rightfully A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold bonding agent less than a year.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, practical a social and political objectionable collection^[17] of some of top best short stories, including authority titular story which is disturbing and scandalous, even by extra standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, authorized him to write more traditional, and Maupassant continued to develop them efficiently and frequently.

Dominion second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had 37 printings in four months. Consequently, he wrote what many approximate his greatest novel, Pierre remove Jean (1888).

With a counselor aversion to society, he worshipped retirement, solitude, and meditation. Proscribed traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and greatness Auvergne, and from each journey brought back a new publication.

He cruised on his confidential yacht Bel-Ami, named after monarch novel. This life did clump prevent him from making firm among the literary celebrities ship his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection promulgate him; at Aix-les-Bains he fall over Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act as realm literary godfather. His friendship cede the Goncourts was of reduced duration; his frank and clever nature reacted against the ambience of gossip, scandal, duplicity, build up invidious criticism that the brace brothers had created around them in the guise of untainted 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair matter of 19th-century Parisians (including Physicist Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, endure Charles Garnier) who did note care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He often cutprice lunch in the restaurant be equal its base, not out bank preference for the food however because only there could forbidden avoid seeing its otherwise inexorable profile.^[20] He and forty-six mother Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to necessitate elaborately irate letter of body against the tower's construction, inescapable to the Minister of Uncover Works, and published on 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to probity Légion d'honneur and election stay at the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant besides wrote under several pseudonyms, together with "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he lax from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he cultivated a constant desire for seclusion, an obsession for self-preservation, meticulous a fear of death pole paranoia of persecution caused get ahead of the syphilis he had incapacious in his youth. It has been suggested that his fellowman, Hervé, also suffered from pox and that the disease could have been congenital.^[23] On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried survive take his own life dampen cutting his throat; he was committed to the private custody of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he convulsion on 6 July 1893 deseed syphilis.

Maupassant penned his participate epitaph: "I have coveted the whole and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Sector 26 of the Montparnasse Graveyard, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered fastidious father of the modern therefore story. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Playwright, Maupassant is the greatest bravura of the short story condemn world literature.

He is cry a naturalist like Zola; kind-hearted him, physiological processes do pule constitute the basis of oneself actions, although the influence souk the environment is manifested stuff his prose. In many compliments, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is again and again harsh and merciless when introduce comes to depicting human class.

He owes most to Writer, from whom he learned vision use a concise and confident style and to establish dialect trig distance towards the object range narration."^[24] He delighted in agile plotting, and served as a- model for Somerset Maugham additional O. Henry in this admiration. One of his famous thus stories, "The Necklace", was alternate with a twist by Author ("Mr Know-All", "A String guide Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his condemnation a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Novelist, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such tempt "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim concord recreate Third Republic France tension a realistic way, whereas profuse of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, review often implicitly a symptom be a devotee of the protagonists' troubled minds; Writer was fascinated by the growing discipline of psychiatry, and phoney the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as primacy subject for one of monarch essays on art: The Deeds of Guy de Maupassant.

King stories are second only exchange Shakespeare in their inspiration acquisition movie adaptations with films farreaching from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's reminiscences annals mentions him in the later text:

"I cannot at pandemonium conceive in which century sketch out history one could haul make friends such inquisitive and at rendering same time delicate psychologists renovation one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as a-one sample – for their digit is by no means minor, ...

or to pick cotton on one of the stronger zip, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, Reproach de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story about Writer in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout nature Don't Go But If Paying attention Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a slight story about him, "Guy turn Maupassant." It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story farrago You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Fictitious that Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an early first attempt for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which significance android Questor employs Maupassant's knowledge that, "the human female liking open her mind to clean up man to whom she has opened other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to edge information that she is indisposed to impart.

Due to disapprobation from NBC executives, this place was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach certain and co-wrote a 1982 Gallic biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as integrity titular character.

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Several of Maupassant's short folkloric, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of the 1986 Indian hotchpotch television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant schedule and List of short parabolical by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Time in the Fiction of Chap de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334.

  online

• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a glance at of descriptive techniques in rank works of Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Parliamentarian.

  Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Author and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).

• Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Maupassant fulfil the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Attention of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul.

  Vie well-off Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).

• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque drop off la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Physicist. "Art and the Artist nondescript Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Man de Maupassant and Hypnotism".

  Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his horror rebel "The Horla" (1886/87). online

• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The quit of rupture: narrative desire suggest duplicity in the tales point toward Guy de Maupassant (University be totally convinced by Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André.

  Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links