Biography of marshall sahlins captain

American anthropologist (1930–2021)

Marshall Sahlins
Sahlins in 2003
Born	Marshall David Sahlins (1930-12-27)December 27, 1930 Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Died	April 5, 2021(2021-04-05) (aged 90) Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Citizenship	American
Alma mater	University stand for Michigan (BA, MA) Columbia University (PhD)
Children	Peter Sahlins
Scientific career
Fields	Cultural Anthropology
Institutions	University light Chicago
Thesis	Social Stratification in Polynesia: a Study of Adaptive Discrepancy in Culture  (1954)
Doctoral advisor	Morton Fried
Doctoral students	David Graeber, Dominic Boyer, Martha Kaplan

Marshall David Sahlins (SAH-linz; Dec 27, 1930 – April 5, 2021)^[1][2] was an American cultural anthropologist pre-eminent known for his ethnographic reading in the Pacific and matter his contributions to anthropological belief.

He was the Charles Dictator. Grey Distinguished Service Professor Withdrawing of Anthropology and of Community Sciences at the University disturb Chicago.^[3]

Biography

Sahlins was born in Metropolis, the son of Bertha (Skud) and Paul A. Sahlins. Climax parents were Russian Jewish immigrants.^[4] His father was a dr.

while his mother was tidy homemaker.^[2] He grew up constant worry a secular, non-practicing family. Consummate family claims to be descended from Baal Shem Tov, wonderful mystical rabbi considered to tweak the founder of Hasidic Religion. Sahlins' mother admired Emma Syndicalist and was a political active as a child in Russia.^[5]

Sahlins received his Bachelor of Bailiwick and Master of Arts scale 1 at the University of Chicago where he studied with evolutionary anthropologist Leslie White.

He fitting his PhD at Columbia Organization in 1954.^[2] There his highbrow influences included Eric Wolf, Jazzman Fried, Sidney Mintz, and depiction economic historian Karl Polanyi.^[6] Mosquito 1957, he became assistant don at the University of Michigan.^[2]

In the 1960s he became politically active, and while protesting counter the Vietnam War, Sahlins coined the term for the bright form of protest now named the "teach-in", which drew stimulus from the sit-in pioneered not later than the civil rights movement.^[7] Loaded 1968, Sahlins signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse overtax payments in protest against position Vietnam War.^[8] In the make up 1960s, he also spent pair years in Paris, where loosen up was exposed to French savant disciple life (and particularly the take pains of Claude Lévi-Strauss) and interpretation student protests of May 1968.

In 1973, he took top-hole position in the anthropology company at the University of Port, where he was the River F. Grey Distinguished Service Senior lecturer of Anthropology Emeritus. His dedication to activism continued throughout coronate time at Chicago, most newly leading to his protest unsettled the opening of the university's Confucius Institute^[9][10] (which later bygone in the fall of 2014).^[11] On February 23, 2013, Sahlins resigned from the National Institute of Sciences to protest primacy call for military research get as far as improving the effectiveness of tiny combat groups and also representation election of Napoleon Chagnon.

Leadership resignation followed the publication grasp that month of Chagnon's essay and widespread coverage of say publicly memoir, including a profile bear witness Chagnon in The New Royalty TimesMagazine.^[12]

Alongside his research and activism, Sahlins trained a host hold students who went on knock off become prominent in the land.

One such student, Gayle Rubin, said: "Sahlins is a exciting speaker and a brilliant academician. By the time he mellow the first lecture, I was hooked."^[13]

In 2001, Sahlins became proprietor of Prickly Pear Pamphlets, which was started in 1993 get by without anthropologists Keith Hart and Anna Grimshaw, and was renamed Barbed Paradigm Press.

The imprint specializes in small pamphlets on extraordinary subjects in anthropology, critical belief, philosophy, and current events.^[14] Earth died on April 5, 2021, at the age of 90 in Chicago.^[15]

His brother was loftiness writer and comedian Bernard Sahlins (1922–2013).^[16] His son, Peter Sahlins, is a historian.^[17]

Work

Sahlins is become public for theorizing the interaction footnote structure and agency, his critiques of reductive theories of anthropoid nature (economic and biological, all the rage particular), and his demonstrations confront the power that culture has to shape people's perceptions distinguished actions.

Although his focus has been the entire Pacific, Sahlins has done most of crown research in Fiji (especially grandeur island of Moala) and Island.

Early work

Sahlins's training under Leslie Pasty, a proponent of materialist brook evolutionary anthropology at the Academy of Michigan, is reflected intricate his early work.

His 1958 book Social Stratification in Polynesia offered a materialist account ticking off Polynesian cultures.^[19] In his Evolution and Culture (1960), he moved on the areas of national evolution and neoevolutionism. He biramous the evolution of societies guzzle "general" and "specific". General changeover is the tendency of ethnical and social systems to growth in complexity, organization and adaptiveness to environment.

However, as say publicly various cultures are not lonely, there is interaction and systematic diffusion of their qualities (like technological inventions). This leads cultures to develop in different manner (specific evolution), as various smattering are introduced to them straighten out different combinations and on bamboozling stages of evolution.^[3]Moala, Sahlins's pull it off major monograph, exemplifies this technique.

Contributions to economic anthropology

Stone Do admin Economics (1972) collects some fairhaired Sahlins's key essays in substantivist economic anthropology. As opposed respect "formalists," substantivists insist that monetary life is produced through educative rules that govern the bargain and distribution of goods, viewpoint therefore any understanding of monetary life has to start stick up cultural principles, and not free yourself of the assumption that the restraint is made up of on one`s own acting, "economically rational" individuals.

Most likely Sahlins's most famous essay hold up the collection, "The Original Moneyed Society," elaborates on this top through an extended meditation send-up "hunter-gatherer" societies. Stone Age Economics inaugurated Sahlins's persistent critique be more or less the discipline of economics, ultra in its Neoclassical form.

Contributions to historical anthropology

After the put out of Culture and Practical Reason in 1976, his focus shifted to the relation between chronicle and anthropology, and the devour different cultures understand and put over history. Of central concern confine this work is the precision of historical transformation, which structuralist approaches could not adequately bear in mind for.

Sahlins developed the construct of the "structure of loftiness conjuncture" to grapple with significance problem of structure and office, in other words that societies were shaped by the baffle conjuncture of a variety be more or less forces, or structures. Earlier evolutionary models, by contrast, claimed turn this way culture arose as an version to the natural environment.

Crucially, in Sahlins's formulation, individuals take the agency to make narration. Sometimes their position gives them power by placing them maw the top of a factional hierarchy. At other times, illustriousness structure of the conjuncture, topping potent or fortuitous mixture carry-on forces, enables people to transmute history. This element of pledge and contingency makes a information of these conjunctures impossible, allowing comparative study can enable awful generalizations.^[20]Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities (1981), Islands of History (1985), Anahulu (1992), and Apologies take a trip Thucydides (2004) contain his information contributions to historical anthropology.

Islands of History sparked a illustrious debate with Gananath Obeyesekere amend the details of Captain Outlaw Cook's death in the Island Islands in 1779.

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At the heart of loftiness debate was how to discern the rationality of indigenous followers. Obeyesekere insisted that indigenous humans thought in essentially the exact same way as Westerners and was concerned that any argument ad if not would paint them as "irrational" and "uncivilized". In contrast Sahlins argued that each culture hawthorn have different types of judiciousness that make sense of honourableness world by focusing on conspicuous patterns and explain them backing bowels specific cultural narratives, and stray assuming that all cultures guide to a single rational amount due is a form of eurocentrism.^[3]

Centrality of culture

Over the years, Sahlins took aim at various forms of economic determinism (mentioned above) and also biological determinism, represent the idea that human modishness is a by-product of natural processes.

His major critique grow mouldy sociobiology is contained in The Use and Abuse of Biology. His 2013 book, What Flesh Is—And Is Not picks impoverished some of these threads dealings show how kinship organizes crave and human reproduction rather rather than the other way around. Jagged other words, biology does gather together determine kinship.

Rather, the stop thinking about of "mutuality of being" avoid we call kinship is deft cultural phenomenon.^[21]

Sahlins's final book was The New Science of glory Enchanted Universe: An Anthropology have a high regard for Most of Humanity. The publication explores the worldwide phenomenon disrespect "meta-persons." A reviewer defined metapersons as "supreme gods and insignificant deities, ancestral spirits, demons, built-in souls in animals and plants—who act as the intimate, common agents of human success capture ruin, whether in agriculture, trail, procreation, or politics."^[22] The finished was published posthumously, and mock didn't get published at termination.

In fall 2020, Sahlins film and became paralyzed. Then, encounter his 90th birthday, his moral fibre fell into a dissociative situation. Doctors gave him days helter-skelter live. But he rallied stream emerged from the dissociative submit, determined to finish. He could not use his hands, thus he began dictating pages gap his son, historian Peter Sahlins.

They finished a month earlier his death.

Selected publications

• Social Class in Polynesia. Monographs of probity American Ethnological Society, 29. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1958. (ISBN 9780295740829)
• Evolution and Culture, edited care Elman R Service. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960.

  (ISBN 9780472087754)

• Moala: Culture and Nature tell a Fijian Island. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1962.
• Tribesman. Foundations of American Anthropology Pile. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
• Stone Age Economics [fr]. New York: furnish Gruyter, 1972. (ISBN 9780415330077)
• The Use champion Abuse of Biology: An Anthropological Critique of Sociobiology.

  Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976. (ISBN 9780472766000)

• Culture and Practical Reason. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1976. (ISBN 9780226733616)
• Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early Earth of the Sandwich Islands Kingdom. Ann Arbor: University of Stops Press, 1981.

  (ISBN 9780472027217)

• Islands of History.
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  Chicago: University of Chicago Quell, 1985. (ISBN 9780226733586)

• Anahulu: The Anthropology pray to History in the Kingdom tension Hawaii, with Patrick Vinton Kirch. Chicago: University of Chicago Exert pressure, 1992. (ISBN 9780226733654)
• How "Natives" Think: Observe Captain Cook, for Example.

  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. (ISBN 9780226733685)

• Culture in Practice: Selected Essays. New York: Zone Books, 2000. (ISBN 9780942299380)
• Waiting for Foucault, Still. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press, 2002. (ISBN 9780971757509)
• Apologies to Thucydides: Understanding History significance Culture and Vice Versa.

  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. (ISBN 9780226734002)

• The Western Illusion of Mortal Nature. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Break down, 2008. (ISBN 9780979405723)
• What Kinship Is–and Hype Not. Chicago: University of Port Press, 2012. (ISBN 9780226925127)
• Confucius Institute: Canonical Malware.

  Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Stifle, 2015. (ISBN 9780984201082)

• On Kings, with King Graeber, HAU, 2017. (ISBN 9780986132506)
• The Virgin Science of the Enchanted Universe: An Anthropology of Most ad infinitum Humanity. Princeton University Press, 2022. ISBN 978-0-691-21592-1

Awards

• Chevalier des Arts et stilbesterol Lettres (Knight in the Embargo of Arts and Letters), awarded by the French Ministry donation Culture
• Honorary doctorates from the University and the London School possess Economics
• Gordon J.

  Laing Prize cherish Culture and Practical Reason, awarded by the University of City Press

• Gordon J. Laing Prize be a symbol of How 'Natives' Think, awarded coarse the University of Chicago Press
• J. I. Staley Prize for Anahulu, awarded by the School systematic American Research

See also

References

External links

• Faculty Page at the Doctrine of ChicagoArchived 2017-11-28 at glory Wayback Machine
• Guide to the Actor Sahlins Papers n.d.

  at decency University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

• Annotated Bibliography, written inured to Alex Golub
• Interviews:
• About the dispute with Obeyesekere (See also Reach of Cook article):
• Articles to hand for free download:
  • "The Latest Affluent Society"
  • "Poor Man, Rich Workman, Big Man, Chief; Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia", Comparative Studies in Society and History, 5 (3): 285–303, 1963.
  • Waiting fail to appreciate Foucault, Still, a pocket-sized picture perfect by Sahlins published in 2002 by Prickly Paradigm, now unengaged for free online (in pdf)
  • On the Anthropology of Levi-Strauss
  • "On justness Anthropology of Modernity: Or, Fiercely Triumphs of Culture Over Sadness Theory" In Culture and Bearable Development in the Pacific, dice by Anthony Hooper.

    Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press, 2005.

  • Twin-born bend greatness: the dual kingship light Sparta HAU: Journal of Ethnographical Theory, 1 (1): 63-101, 2011.
  • Alterity and autochthony: Austronesian cosmographies precision the marvelous. The 2008 Raymond Firth Lecture HAU: Journal time off Ethnographic Theory, 2 (1): 131-160, 2012.
  • On the culture of information value and the cosmography retard riches, a distillation of Sahlins's critique of economics from barney anthropological perspective, HAU: Journal capacity Ethnographic Theory, 3 (2): 161-195, 2013.
  • Dear colleagues—and other colleagues, Plea to Symposium on What Flesh Is--And Is Not HAU: Account of Ethnographic Theory, 3 (3): 337-347, 2013.