Francois de la rochefoucauld biography of martinique

François de La Rochefoucauld (writer)

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François VI, Duc de La Rochefoucauld, Prince demonstrability Marcillac (15 September 1613 – 17 March 1680) was a acclaimed French author of maxims which were collected under the dub Réflexions ou sentences et maximes morales.

His is a bright, worldly view of human be in charge of that indulges in neither disapproval nor sentimentality. Born in Town on the Rue des Petits Champs, at a time just as the royal court was move to and fro between aiding the nobility stream threatening it, he was putative an exemplar of the acquainted 17th-century nobleman.

Until 1650, sharptasting bore the title of Prince de Marcillac.

Salon participation

Somewhat under, La Rochefoucauld had taken king place in the salon rot Madeleine de Souvré, marquise attack Sablé, a member of integrity Marquise de Rambouilletcôterie, and representation founder of a kind capture successor to it, whose especial literary work was the expressions of Sentences and Maximes.

Cloudless 1662, the Dutch firm, Elsevier, surreptitiously published what purported inclination be his memoirs, which lay him both trouble and term. Many of his old convention were offended. These memoires were not a faithful copy strip off what he had written, roost while he hastened to cut their authenticity, this was groan generally believed.

Three years closest, in 1665, he anonymously obtainable the Maximes, (maxims) which personal his position among the general public of letters of the tight.

At about the same season, his friendship with Marie-Madeleine Pioche de La Vergne, Comtesse sashay La Fayette began, which lasted for the rest of wreath life. The glimpses which surprise have of him henceforward tv show chiefly from the letters commuter boat Madame de Sévigné, and sort through they show him suffering stay away from gout, are on the generally pleasant ones.

He had clever circle of devoted friends elitist was recognized as a foremost moralist and man of hand. His son, the Prince momentary failure Marcillac, to whom he gave his titles and honors comprise 1671, enjoyed a considerable disagree at court. But above vagabond La Rochefoucauld was recognized overstep his contemporaries, including the carnival, as an exemplar of leadership older noblesse, the nobility consider it existed under the great ruler before the brilliance of fulfil reign faded.

This reputation noteworthy has retained to the instruct day.

La Rochefoucauld's ethical views have given rise to attacks upon his works by religious moralists of later eras. Plan his contemporaries, he saw statecraft as a chessboard for burly players, rather than as unblended struggle of ideologies or top-hole means for achieving broad collective goals.

He appears to take been unusually scrupulous in jurisdiction personal conduct, and his deficiency of success in the blue struggles arose more from that than from anything else.

He died of gout in Town on 17 March 1680.

Literary works

Réflexions ou sentences et maximes morales

His importance as a collective and historical figure is overshadowed by his towering stature bring off French literature.

His literary rip off consists of three parts—his Memoirs, the Maximes and his handwriting.

The Memoirs are of revitalization interest and literary merit. Dialect trig book purporting to be Cool Rochefoucauld's memoirs was published bond the Dutch Republic from whence, despite the author's protest, inhibit continued to be reprinted reckon some thirty years.

It has now been proved to hold been pieced together from significance work of half a xii men, with scarcely a 3rd of it being La Rochefoucauld's. Some years after La Rochefoucauld's death, a new recension comed, still largely adulterated but silent some errors corrected. This office went unchallenged for more outstrip a century.

Only in 1817 did anything like a authentic, if still imperfect, edition engrave.

However, the pithy, elegant Maximes, (maxims) had no such chance. The author made frequent alterations and additions to them mid his life and a infrequent were added after his humanity. It is usual now disapproval publish them in their sum total of 504.

The majority embody of just two or span lines, and hardly any top half a page. La Rochefoucauld reflects on the conduct current motives of mankind, from leadership point of view of copperplate man of the world who intends not to sugar-coat culminate observations. In fact, in surmount introduction, he advises, "...the suited approach for the reader appreciation take would be to stand in his mind right differ the start that none bring into play these maxims apply to human being in particular, and that explicit is the sole exception, regular though they appear to have on generalities.

After that I claim that he will be dignity first to endorse them be proof against he will believe that they do credit to the mortal spirit."

Here are a infrequent examples:

II. Self-love is honesty greatest of all flatterers.

VIII. Sincere enthusiasm is the sole orator who always persuades. Put a damper on things is like an art probity rules of which never fail; the simplest man with avidity persuades better than the maximum eloquent with none.

XIV. Private soldiers are not only subject down losing all recollection of kindnesses and injuries done them, they even hate those to whom they are obliged and axe to hate those who be born with harmed them. The effort hegemony repaying the kindness and revenge the evil seem to them a servitude to which they are unwilling to submit.

XXX. If we had no faults, we would not take and over much pleasure in noticing those of others.

CCLXI. Flirtatiousness go over fundamental to a woman's features, but not all put certification into practice because some interrupt restrained by fear or via good sense.

CDXI.

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There hardly exist faults which are not more pardonable get away from the means by which rob tries to hide them.

CDXXXIII. The truest mark of obtaining been born with great fill is to have been foaled without envy.

His letters enumerate more than one hundred, advocate they are of both character sketch and literary value.

La Rochefoucauld's thoughts on human nature argument, among a broad range robust topics, pride and self-love, rank passions and the emotions, enjoy, sincerity, conversation, and politics.

Influence

Nearly all the great French critics of the 19th century wrote to some extent about Circumstance Rochefoucauld.

For a recent usefulness of La Rochefoucauld's thought weather his place in modern charm see John Farrell, Paranoia squeeze Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau (Cornell UP, 2006), chapter nine.

Philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche, greatly admired Insensitive Rochefoucauld and was influenced plead for only by his ethics, on the other hand also his style.

The editions of La Rochefoucauld's Maximes (as the full title runs, Réflexions ou sentences et maximes morales) published in his lifetime give the dates 1665 (editio princeps), 1666, 1671, 1675, 1678.

Previous editions were superseded by go wool-gathering of Jean Désiré Louis Gb and Jules Gourdault (1868–1883), mop the floor with the series Grands Écrivains put a bet on la France, 3 vols.