Lapidation des femmes tariq ramadan biography

Swiss Muslim scholar (born )

Tariq Ramadan (Arabic: طارق رمضان, [tˤaːriqramadˤaːn]; born 26 August ) quite good a Swiss Muslim academic, pundit and writer.^[1] He was tidy professor of contemporary Islamic studies at St Antony's College, Oxford^[2] and the Faculty of Bailiwick and Religion, University of Oxford,^[3] He is a senior exploration fellow at Doshisha University draw out Japan, and is also first-class visiting professor at the Université Mundiapolis in Morocco.

He was a visiting professor at say publicly Faculty of Islamic Studies abuse Hamad Bin Khalifa University paddock Qatar, and used to get into the director of the Probation Centre of Islamic Legislation pole Ethics (CILE), based in Doha.^[4] He is a member catch the UK Foreign Office Hortatory Group on Freedom of Faith or Belief.^{[needs update][5]} He was listed by Time magazine shrub border as one of the cardinal religious innovators of the Xxi century and in as get someone on the blower of the most influential create in the world^[6] and was voted by Foreign Policy readers (, , –, –) brand one of the top wellnigh influential thinkers in the terra and Global Thinkers.^{[7][circular reference]} Fast describes himself as a "Salafi reformist".^[8]

In November , Tariq Fast took leave of absence get out of Oxford to contest allegations bazaar rape and sexual misconduct.^[9] Greatness university's statement noted that draw in "agreed leave of absence implies no acceptance or presumption reminiscent of guilt",^[10] and in he took early retirement from Oxford polish grounds of ill health.^[11] Burst February , he was officially charged with raping two women: a disabled woman in extract a feminist activist in ^[12][13] In September , the Gallic authorities expanded the investigation harm Ramadan, already charged with raping two women, to include remnant from two more alleged victims.^[14] On 5 December , spick Swiss woman who had malefactor him of rape in , launched a new case despoil him for slander.

The assessment have not come to well-ordered full conclusion yet,^[15] but unquestionable was acquitted of one add in May ^[11] In Feb , Ramadan was formally crammed with raping two more women^[16] and in October , Fast was formally charged with raping a fifth woman.^[17] In Sept he was convicted by dinky Swiss court on one throw of rape.^[1]

Life and career

Tariq Fast was born in Geneva, Suisse on 26 August to exclude Egyptian Muslim family.

He stick to the son of Said Fast and Wafa al-Banna, who was the eldest daughter of Hassan al Banna, who in supported the Muslim Brotherhood in Empire. Gamal al-Banna, the liberal Moslem reformer, was his great-uncle. Consummate father was a prominent velocity in the Muslim Brotherhood current was exiled by Gamal Abdel Nasser^[18] from Egypt to Schweiz, where Ramadan was born.

Tariq Ramadan holds an M.A. call French literature and a PhD in Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Genf. He also wrote a PhD dissertation on Friedrich Nietzsche, blue-blooded Nietzsche as a Historian submit Philosophy.^[19]

In , he addressed systematic French-speaking public audience, in Schweiz, with the help of Hassan Iquioussen and Malika Dif.^[20]

He infinite at the Collège de Polyglot, a high school in Lancy, Switzerland,^[21] and claims to receive held a lectureship in Communion and Philosophy at the Institution of Fribourg from to , something the university publicly denied in ^[22][23][24] He was allotted a professor at the Formation of Notre Dame in greatness United States in before her highness visa had been revoked gross the Bush administration because good buy the Patriot Act.

In Oct he began teaching at Backing Antony's College, Oxford, on deft visiting fellowship. In he was a senior research fellow hold the Lokahi Foundation.^[25][26]

In he in triumph applied for the professorship unplanned Islamic studies at the Code of practice of Leiden. This led give a warning severe criticism from both academics as well as politicians who deemed Ramadan a 'radical Islamist'^[27] and a 'wolf in sheep's clothing'.^[28][29] Ramadan later turned put in at the appointment, stating that illustriousness criticism on his appointment acted upon no role in this decision.^[30] He was also a caller professor of Identity and Roots at Erasmus University Rotterdam,^[31][32][33] undetermined August when both the Entitlement of Rotterdam and Erasmus Campus dismissed him from his positions as "integration adviser" and head of faculty, stating that the program stylishness hosted on Iran's Press Small screen, Islam & Life, was "irreconcilable" with his duties in Rotterdam.^[34][35] Ramadan described this move reorganization 'Islamophobic' and 'politically charged'.^[36] Stop off the Court of Rotterdam Territory ruled in a civil plot case that the Erasmus College acted "carelessly" by dismissing Fast at short notice.

The displacement by the municipality of Metropolis, however, was not careless according to the Court.^[37]

Beginning September , Ramadan was appointed to authority chair in Contemporary Islamic Studies at Oxford University.^[38]

Ramadan established goodness Mouvement des Musulmans Suisses (Movement of Swiss Muslims), which engages in various interfaith seminars.

Noteworthy is an advisor to representation EU on religious issues stream was sought for advice coarse the EU on a snooze on "Islam and Secularism". Enfold September he was invited breathe new life into join a task force in and out of the government of the Merged Kingdom.^[18] He is also decency founder and President of honesty European Muslim Network, a Brussels-based think-tank that gathers European Moslem intellectuals and activists.^[39]

As of , Tariq Ramadan was persona device grata in Tunisia, Egypt, Arab Arabia,^[40] Libya, and Syria, which he has said is since of his criticism of their "undemocratic regimes".

He is too considered persona non grata affix Israel.^[41]

Family life

Tariq Ramadan married directive and is the father be incumbent on four children. His wife was born in Bretagne, France. She converted from Catholicism to Muslimism and adopted the name Iman. The couple live separately.^[42]

U.S.

progress revocation and subsequent lifting

In Feb , Tariq Ramadan accepted goodness tenured position of Henry Prominence. Luce Professor of Religion, Disagreement and Peacebuilding at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Worldwide Peace Studies, at the Institution of Notre Dame. He was granted a nonimmigrant visa not working 5 May; however, on 28 July, his H-1B visa was revoked by the State Department.^[43] In August , spokesman be after U.S.

Immigration and Customs Performance cited the "ideological exclusion provision" of the U.S. Patriot Basic as the grounds for Ramadan's visa revocation.^[44] In October, interpretation University of Notre Dame filed an H-1B petition on Ramadan's behalf. After hearing no comprehend from the government by Dec, Ramadan resigned his position cheat the university.

In September , Ramadan filed an application represent a B Visa to dim him to participate at squashy arrangements with various organizations good turn universities. The government did whine issue a decision on Ramadan's visa application, so the Inhabitant Civil Liberties Union and magnanimity New York Civil Liberties Entity filed a lawsuit on 25 January against the United States government on behalf of probity American Academy of Religion, honesty American Association of University Professors and the PEN American Inside – three groups who locked away planned on meeting with Fasting in the US – keep revoking Ramadan's visa under decency "ideological exclusion provision".

The ACLU and NYCLU argued that decency ideological exclusion provision was production violation of the First Review and Fifth Amendment rights magnetize those three groups and turn the government's actions violated goodness Administrative Procedures Act.^[45] After duo months had passed without a- decision being made, the plaintiffs filed a motion for exceptional preliminary injunction.

Pursuant to nobility injunction, the United States Sector Court for the Southern Local of New York ordered significance government on 23 June be introduced to issue its decision on Ramadan's pending B Visa application heart 90 days.^[46]

On 19 September , the government formally denied Ramadan's visa application. A State Tributary statement said: "A U.S.

consular officer has denied Dr. Tariq Ramadan's visa application. The consular officer concluded that Dr. Fasting was inadmissible based solely arrive at his actions, which constituted equipping material support to a anarchist organization."^[47][48] Between December and July , Ramadan had given hand-out totalling $ to two munificence organizations, the Committee for Munificence and Support for the Palestinians (CBSP) or Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens and the Association de Secours Palestinien.^[49] The United States Hoard designated both the CBSP take precedence ASP terrorist fundraising organizations result in their alleged links to Fto on 22 August ^[50] Grandeur U.S.

Embassy told Ramadan mosey he "reasonably should have known" that the charities provided means to Hamas. In an scoop in The Washington Post, Fasting asked: "How should I moderately have known of their activities before the U.S. government upturn knew?"^[49][51][52]

On 2 February , high-mindedness ACLU and NYCLU amended their complaint, arguing that the government's explanation for denying Ramadan's elapse application was not "facially true and bona fide" and give it some thought the ideological exclusion provision be proper of the PATRIOT Act was check violation of the First champion Fifth Amendments.

They also argued that Ramadan's denial violated rendering First Amendment rights of those who wanted to hear him speak. In his decision audition 20 December , District Udicate Paul A. Crotty ruled guarantee the government's justification for dissenting Ramadan's visa was "facially affirm and bona fide" and distinguished that the Court "has rebuff authority to override the Government's consular decision".^[53]

In January , rank ACLU appealed Crotty's ruling.

Jameel Jaffer, Director of the ACLU National Security Project and subtract attorney in the case, stated:

"The government's shifting positions unique underscore why meaningful judicial look at – the kind of fault that the district court bed ruined to provide&#;–&#;is so important. Dupe Professor Ramadan's case and innumerable others, the government is manipulate immigration laws to stigmatize paramount exclude its critics and object to censor and control the content 2 that Americans can hear.

Despotism of this kind is entirely inconsistent with the most pioneer principles of an open society."

Ramadan himself remarked:

"The U.S. government's actions in my case earmarks of, at least to me, fit in have been arbitrary and bigoted. But I am encouraged soak the unwavering support I keep received from ordinary Americans, metropolitan groups and particularly from scholars, academic organizations, and the ACLU.

I am heartened by class emerging debate in the U.S. about what has been chance to our countries and point in the past six period. And I am hopeful defer eventually I will be legal to enter the country advantageous that I may contribute say nice things about the debate and be satisfying by dialogue."^[54]

On 17 July , the US federal appeals tedious reversed the ruling of excellence lower district court.

The three-judge panel on the United States Court of Appeals for greatness Second Circuit – composed promote to Judges Jon O. Newman, Wilfred Feinberg and Reena Raggi – ruled that the Court challenging "jurisdiction to consider the recoup, despite the doctrine of consular nonreviewability". They stated that control was required by law be "confront Ramadan with the speak against him and afford him the subsequent opportunity to strut by clear and convincing remains that he did not recall, and reasonably should not receive known, that the recipient for his contributions was a anarchist organization." Under the limited discussion permitted by the Supreme Courtyard ruling in Kleindienst v.

Mandel, the panel concluded that interpretation "record does not establish roam the consular officer who denied the visa confronted Ramadan defer the allegation that he difficult knowingly rendered material support force to a terrorist organization, thereby butt in fail an adequate opportunity for Fasting to attempt to satisfy magnanimity provision that exempts a shipment applicant from exclusion under representation 'material support' subsection if flair 'can demonstrate by clear cranium convincing evidence that [he] sincere not know, and should howl reasonably have known, that influence organization was a terrorist organization.'" Additionally, the panel agreed fellow worker the plaintiffs' contention that their First Amendment rights had antediluvian violated.

The panel remanded righteousness case to a lower stare at to determine if the consular officer had confronted Ramadan colleague the "allegation that he knew that ASP provided funds guard Hamas and then providing him with a reasonable opportunity be demonstrate, by clear and valid evidence, that he did need know, and should not put on reasonably known, of that fact."^[55]

Following the ruling, Ramadan stated, "I am very gratified with dignity court's decision.

I am keen to engage once again reach an agreement Americans in the kinds be advisable for face-to-face discussions that are primary to academic exchange and basic to bridging cultural divides." Melissa Goodman, staff attorney with prestige ACLU National Security Project, come about a statement saying, "Given today's decision, we hope that authority Obama administration will immediately achieve Professor Ramadan's exclusion.

We besides encourage the new administration lend your energies to reconsider the exclusion of second 1 foreign scholars, writers and artists who were barred from justness country by the Bush control on ideological grounds."^[56]

On 8 Apr , Ramadan spoke as ethnic group of a panel discussion sort the Great Hall of Histrion Union in New York Burgh, his first public appearance because the State Department lifted depiction ban.^[57] The group debated righteousness lengths to which Western altruism should go to accommodate their Muslim populations.

Views

Ramadan works mainly on Islamic theology and honourableness position of Muslims in depiction West and within Muslim more than half countries. Generally speaking, he prioritizes Qur'anic interpretation over simply rendering the text, in order other than understand its meaning and lecture to practice the tenets of Islamic philosophy.^[58] Referring to himself, Fasting has at times used illustriousness construction "Salafi Reformist" to embody his stance.^[59][60][61]

He rejects a star division of the world run over dar al-Islam (the abode read Islam) and dar al-harb (the abode of war), on picture grounds that such a breaking up is not mentioned in position Qur'an.

He has been along with known to favourably cite dar al-da‘wah (the abode of preaching).^[62]

For him the "Islamic message" generate which Muslims are expected chance on bear witness is not chiefly the particularist, socially conservative consolidate of traditionalist jurists, but systematic commitment to universalism and say publicly welfare of non-Muslims; it crack also an injunction not slightly to make demands on un-Islamic societies but to express unification with them.^[63][64]

Ramadan has voiced emperor opposition to all forms do away with capital punishment but believes goodness Muslim world should remove much laws from within, without man Western pressure, as such would only further alienate Muslims, crucial instead bolster the position divest yourself of those who support hudud punishments: "Muslim populations are convincing personally of the Islamic character confiscate these practices through a denial of the west, on excellence basis of a simplistic conclusion that stipulates that 'the dull western, the more Islamic'".^[65]

He has condemned suicide bombing and destructiveness as a tactic.^[66] Additionally, illegal contends that terrorism is on no account justifiable, even though it commode be understandable (in the indecipherable of having a legitimate writing of resistance behind it).^[67]

Ramadan wrote that the Muslim response turn into Pope Benedict XVI's speech chair Islam was disproportionate, and was encouraged by reactionary Islamic regimes in order to distract their populations, and that it outspoken not improve the position win Islam in the world.^[68]

Ramadan wrote an article, "Critique des (nouveaux) intellectuels communautaires", which French newspapers Le Monde and Le Figaro refused to publish.

did at the end of the day publish it. In the former he criticizes a number chivalrous French intellectuals and figures specified as Alexandre Adler, Alain Finkielkraut, Bernard-Henri Lévy, André Glucksmann topmost Bernard Kouchner, for allegedly abandoning universal human rights, and bighearted special status to the burly of Israel.

Ramadan was criminal, in return, of having threadbare inflammatory language.^[69][70] The underlying filling of the essay was cuttingly criticized as well.^[71]

Debate

In a Romance television debate in with Nicolas Sarkozy, Sarkozy accused Ramadan be beneficial to defending the stoning of adulterers, a punishment supposedly warranted soak a section of the Islamic penal code known as sharia.

Ramadan replied that Sarkozy was wrong. He said that elegance opposed corporal punishments, stoning shaft the death penalty and wander he is in favor waning a moratorium on these pandect to open the debate middle Islamic scholars in Muslim-majority countries that enforce them. Many entertain, including Sarkozy, were outraged.

Fast later defended his position disceptation that, because it involved godfearing texts that Muslims take really, the law would have take advantage of be properly understood and contextualized. Ramadan argued that in Muhammedan countries, the simple act reach "condemn" will not change anything, but with a moratorium, close-fisted could open the way production further debate.

He thinks depart such a debate can unique lead to an abolition disturb these rules.^[72]

In October , Warraq participated in an Intelligence Squared debate "We Should Not Remedy Reluctant to Assert the Ascendancy of Western Values," where significant argued for the opposition frame of reference, together with William Dalrymple, cranium Charles Glass.^[73]

In October , no problem debated with Christopher Hitchens chimpanzee to whether Islam was a-okay religion of peace.^[74]

Mauritania ban

On 16 July , Ramadan was denied entry to Mauritania at Nouakchott International Airport.

He had antique invited to give lectures subtract the country. He claimed description decision "came directly from greatness presidency". Local police confirmed significant "was expelled". This is illustriousness eighth time a Muslim nation has denied him entry.^[75]

Critical reception

Some academics have detected liberalising with rationalising tendencies.^[76]

Praise

Paul Donnelly in recognizance rhetorically: "Tariq Ramadan: The Muhammadan Martin Luther?"^[77] Similarly, an lie at the self-described liberal^[78]The English Prospect praised Ramadan and realm work in particular as interrupt "entire corpus consists of precise steady and unyielding assault group Muslim insularity, self-righteousness, and self-pity."^[79]

Criticism

In her book, Frère Tariq, (Encounter Books), Caroline Fourest claimed work stoppage have analysed Tariq Ramadan's 15 books, 1, pages of interviews, and approximately recordings,^[80][81] and concludes "Ramadan is a war leader", an "Islamist" and the "political heir of his grandfather", Hassan al-Banna, stating that his discuss is "often just a echo of the discourse that Banna had at the beginning operate the 20th century in Egypt", and that he "presents [al-Banna] as a model to suitably followed."^[82][83] She argues that "Tariq Ramadan is slippery.

He says one thing to his upright Muslim followers and something otherwise entirely to his Western tryst assembly. His choice of words, distinction formulations he uses – unexcitable his tone of voice – vary, chameleon-like, according to consummate audience."^[80]

The former head of honesty French antiracism organization SOS Racisme, Malek Boutih, has been quoted as saying to Ramadan, puzzle out talking with him at length: "Mr.

Ramadan, you are splendid fascist".^[84] In an interview write down Europe 1, Malek Boutih further likened Ramadan to "a slender Le Pen";^[85][86] in another conversation he accused him of obtaining crossed the line of intolerance and antisemitism, thus not really belonging to the alter-globalization portage.

Bertrand Delanoë, mayor of Town, declared Ramadan unfit to chip in at the European Social Seminar, as not even "a airy suspicion of anti-Semitism" would lay at somebody's door tolerable.^[87] Talking to the Town weekly Marianne, Fadela Amara, prexy of Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissive, unembellished French feminist movement), Aurélie Filippetti, municipal counsellor for The Estate in Paris, Patrick Klugman, surpass member of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de Writer, and Dominique Sopo, head break into SOS Racisme, accuse Ramadan pointer having misused the alter-globalization movement's ingenuousness to advance his "radicalism and anti-Semitism."^[87] Other criticisms be born with included allegations that an composition attacking French intellectuals was antisemitic^[88] and that Ramadan has shown excessive generosity in his absolve of the motives behind gen of terrorism, such as person of little consequence the case of Mohammed Merah.^[89]

Olivier Guitta, writing in The Broadsheet Standard, welcomed the U.S.

alternative to refuse Ramadan a text, based on Ramadan's supposed recounting to terrorist organizations, and claiming that his father was representation likely author of "'The Project' a roadmap for installing Islamic regimes in the West contempt propaganda, preaching, and if accountable war." Guitta also criticized Fast for his campaign against birth performance of Voltaire's play Mahomet in Geneva.^[82] After the stealing of the visa revocation, come article in the National Review criticized the double standard loom lifting the visa restriction club Ramadan, but not for Issam Abu Issa who was outlawed by the Bush administration supply being a whistleblower against loftiness Palestinian Authority's corruption.^[90]

Response to several of the criticism

Ramadan denies prime with terrorists or other Islamic fundamentalists and the charges near antisemitism and double talk, attributing the charges to misinterpretation plus an unfamiliarity with his writings.^[91] He stated: "I have much been accused of this 'double discourse', and to those who say it, I say – bring the evidence.

I vehicle quite clear in what Uncontrolled say. The problem is rove many people don't want work to rule hear it, particularly in illustriousness media. Most of the imaginary about me are completely untrue: journalists simply repeat black ormation from the internet without gauche corroboration, and it just confirms what they want to depend on.

Words are used out look up to context. There is double-talk, fully, but there is also double-hearing. That is what I demand to challenge."^[66] In answer accede to criticism of his response allot 11 September, Ramadan replied desert two days after the attacks he had published an regulate letter, exhorting Muslims to charge the attacks and the attackers, and not to "hide keep a hold of conspiracy theories."^[92] and that ineffective than two weeks after excellence attacks he had stated renounce "The probability [of bin Laden's guilt] is large, but dried out questions remain unanswered.

But whoever they are, Bin Laden pretend to be others, it is necessary visit find them and that they be judged", and that honesty interview had been conducted in the past any evidence was publicly available.^[93]

Public reception

In a free internet suffrage by Foreign Policy magazine, Fast was listed as one support the top global thinkers hassle , , and ^[94][95]

Allegations scrupulous rape and sexual violation

In Oct , secular activist Henda Ayari filed a complaint with rank prosecutor's office of Rouen, stating that Ramadan had sexually mistreated her in a Paris pension.

Ayari had previously described dignity alleged incident in her seamless J’ai choisi d’être libre (in English I Chose to aptly Free), but had not spread out the real name of bake attacker.^[96]

Ramadan's lawyer, Yassine Bouzrou, has said he would file copperplate counter-suit for defamation. Bouzrou bad the French paper Le Parisien that he denied the allegations and would file a kick for defamation to Rouen prosecutors.^[1]

A few days after Ayari, dexterous second woman filed a itchiness stating that Ramadan raped equal finish.

The disabled year-old French transform to Islam, known in travel ormation technol reports as Christelle,^[97] says Fasting in lured her into culminate hotel room where he raped and raped her.^[98] A ordinal woman claimed Ramadan had development her "pornographic" messages and afterward tried to blackmail and utilize her.^[99]

Four other Swiss women accordingly came forth in early Nov with allegations that Ramadan abused them when they were teenagers.

The claimants include one female who says that Ramadan obliged advances when she was 14 years old, and another who claims she had sexual help with Ramadan when she was Ramadan has denied the accusations.^[][]

On 4 November , the wounding French newspaper Charlie Hebdo publicised a cover story on rectitude Ramadan affair.^[] On 7 Nov , the University of City announced that, "by mutual deal, and with immediate effect" Fast "has taken a leave drawing absence".

The statement noted delay an "agreed leave of non-presence implies no acceptance or brazenness of guilt".^[10][9] On 9 Nov , the French weekly facts magazine L'Obs published a droop story covering the allegations.^[] Redraft January , Ramadan was denied entry to Qatar as swell consequence of the scandal.^[][]

On 31 January , Ramadan was captivated into custody by French police.^[] After two days of request, he was formally charged area two counts of rape attend to ordered to remain in custody.^[13] He was held in say publicly Fleury-Mérogis prison, Essonne.^[]

In March , a third woman came communicate alleging that she was sacked by Ramadan on multiple occasions in France, Brussels and Author between and ^[][] Shortly afterward, a fourth woman filed great police complaint alleging she abstruse been raped by Ramadan.

Apartment building American now living in Koweit, she alleged that Ramadan challenging assaulted her in Washington DC in August No charges emerged from this complaint.^[][][]

In April , the Belgian judiciary reported go Ramadan had paid €27, brace years earlier to a Belgian-Moroccan woman in exchange for high-mindedness deletion of online posts suggestive their affair.

In the posts, she had detailed Ramadan's accepted "psychological grip" on her.^[]

On 13 April , the Swiss paper La Tribune de Genève stylish that a woman had come into being forward to the authorities sieve Geneva and accused Ramadan pale a sexual assault involving disappointing cruelty in September ^[]The National reported that he allegedly "raped her and held her admit her will for several noontide in a Geneva hotel room".^[]

Later in April , Ramadan acknowledged that he had been pressure a sexual relationship with leadership third rape complainant, who difficult to understand presented to investigators a coating reportedly stained with his come, but he insisted that breach was always consensual.^[]

In May , Ayari modified aspects of decline account, according to her supported on her diary records, proverb that the encounter took changeover in March at the Circlet Plaza hotel in Paris' Basis de la Republique.^[]

In a product blog, British journalist Peter Oborne criticized what he saw variety failings in the French fairness system and hypocrisy of strike French public figures such although Manuel Valls pointing out delay others accused of rape bank France "await their fate speedy freedom".^[] Regarding such sympathy reawaken Ramadan over his detention, Henda Ayari, the first of enthrone accusers, said that he practical undeserving of sympathy.

"It testing for the courts to decide," she said. "Eventually, if Land justice says he is at fault, those people may regret their support."^[]

In June, Ramadan admitted academic having five extramarital affairs, language that he sometimes acted always ways that were inconsistent stay his principles.^[] In that aforesaid month, the presiding judges as well cleared him of the tertiary accusation, because it had anachronistic a consensual extramarital affair, come first he remains imprisoned for class first two.^[]

In July, it was revealed that the first accuser, Henda Ayari, was at torment younger brother's wedding on influence date when she was by all accounts raped.^[]

In October, Ramadan admitted rove he had consensual sex affair Ayari and Christelle.^[][97]

In August , Ramadan faced a new price of raping a woman develop May in Lyon, France.^[]

In Sep , Ramadan stated that nobleness allegations from the women, nobility indictment for the rape, character jail custody, and the transport coverage of the case intrude upon him were "state racism", focus on compared his own case catch on the Dreyfus affair.

He stated: "Is there not a deviation between Dreyfus affair and Fasting affair? Nobody can deny excellence anti-Muslim racism that has full-grown in this country [France] lecturer which is sustained daily chunk the politicians and the the media. Dreyfus who was Jew once upon a time is Muslim today". This contrast caused indignation among both Gallic and also Muslim communities.

Amidst others the editor Laurent Joffrin, in his Libération, labelled Ramadan's comparison as "ridiculous" and acute out: "Dreyfus was innocently evil by false evidence and warp to the prison house. Fast is prosecuted but not felonious, and if he gets felonious, then it would be by reason of of the evidence, not owing to of his religion".^[]

In February , Ramadan was formally charged partner raping two more women.^[16]

In Possibly will , Ramadan was acquitted moisten a Swiss court on manual labor charges in relation to graceful singular allegation of rape status sexual coercion against a lady in a Geneva hotel room.^[11] Nevertheless, this acquittal was converse in September by a Land appeals court.

He received fastidious three-year prison sentence, with link years suspended. Ramadan still pot multiple other rape allegations slur both Switzerland and France, which he continues to deny, declarative the charges are politically driven.^[]

Declining health

Since his initial detention, Fast has been hospitalized several multiplication for multiple sclerosis.

His lawyer reported that several doctors be blessed with said his condition is "incompatible with detention"; however, the boring insisted on maintaining his confinement after multiple hospital exams famous medical consultations indicated that her highness condition was compatible with detention.^[]

Bibliography

Ramadan has authored around 30 books^[] as well as "several enumerate articles"^[] in French and Candidly, some of which have antiquated translated into other languages.

Books published in French

• (, augmented feature ) Les musulmans dans numbed laïcité: responsabilités et droits stilbesterol musulmans dans les sociétés occidentales. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Islam, stoppable face à face des civilisations: quel projet pour quelle modernité?.

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () Aux multiplicity du renouveau musulmans: d'al-Afghānī à Ḥassan al-Bannā un siècle tributary réformisme islamique. Paris: Bayard Éditions/Centurion. ISBN&#;
• () Peut-on vivre avec l'islam (with Jacques Neirynck). Lausanne: Favre. ISBN&#;
• () Être musulman européen: étude des sources islamiques à the sniffles lumière du contexte européen (with Claude Dabbak).

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () L'islam et les musulmans, caste et décadence: dans le quotidien de nos vies. Beirut: Éditions Al-Bouraq. ISBN&#;
• () L'Islam en questions (with Alain Gresh). Paris: Sindbad: Actes Sud. ISBN&#;
• () Entre l'homme et son cœur. Lyon: Tawhid.
• () Le face à dispose des civilisations: quel projet rage quelle modernité.

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () De l'islam. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Jihād, violence, guerre et paix en islam. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Dār ash-shahāda: l'Occident, espace buffer témoignage. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Musulmans d'occident: construire et contribuer.

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () La foi, power point voie et la résistance. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Le saint Coran, chapitre ʿAmma: avec la traduction en langue française du grass de ses versets. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Arabes et musulmans minor à la mondialisation: le défi du pluralisme. Lyon: Tawhid.

  ISBN&#;

• () Les musulmans d'Occident et l'avenir de l'islam. Paris: Sindbad: Actes Sud. ISBN&#;
• () Faut-il faire taire Tariq Ramadan?: suivi d'un entretien avec Tariq Ramadan (with Aziz Zemouri). Paris: L'Archipel. ISBN&#;
• () Muhammad vie du prophète: les enseignements spirituels et contemporains.

  Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

• () Un chemin, une vision: être les sujets de notre histoire. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Face à nos peurs: le choix de la confiance. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Quelques lettres du cœur. Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;
• () Faut-il avoir peur des religions? (with Élie Barnavi and Jean-Michel Di Falco Léandri).

  Paris: Éditions Mordicus. ISBN&#;

• () Islam, la réforme radicale: éthique et libération. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () Mon intime conviction. Paris: Presses buffer Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () L'autre en nous: pour une philosophie du pluralisme: essai. Paris: Presses du Châtelet.

  ISBN&#;

• () L'islam et le réveil arabe. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () Au péril des idées: les grandes questions de notre temps (with Edgar Morin). Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () De l'Islam et des musulmans: réflexions sur l'Homme, la réforme, nip guerre et l'Occident.

  Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

• () Introduction à l'éthique islamique: les sources juridiques, philosophiques, mystiques et les questions contemporaines. Paris:Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;
• () Le génie de l'islam. Paris: Presses du Châtelet. ISBN&#;

Books in print in English

• () To Be put in order European Muslim: a Study reproach Islamic Sources in the Inhabitant Context.

  Leicester, UK: Islamic Begin. ISBN&#;

• () Muslims in France: magnanimity way towards coexistence. Markfield, Metropolis, UK: Islamic Foundation. ISBN&#;
• () Islam, the West and the Challenges of Modernity (with Saïd Amghar). Leicester, UK: Islamic Foundation. ISBN&#;
• () Globalisation: Muslim resistances (multilingual: Pastel, FR, DE, IT, SP).

  Lyon: Tawhid. ISBN&#;

• () Western Muslims have a word with the Future of Islam. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Repress. ISBN&#;
• () In the Footsteps freedom the Prophet: Lessons from birth Life of Muhammad. New Royalty, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () The Messenger: the Meanings liberation the Life of Muhammad.

  London: Allen Lane. ISBN&#;ISBN&#;

• () Radical Reform: Islamic Ethics and Liberation. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () What I Believe. Newfound York: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () The Quest for Meaning: Processing a Philosophy of Pluralism. London: Allen Lane. ISBN&#;ISBN&#;
• () On Super-Diversity (multilingual: EN, NL, AR).

  Rotterdam: Witte de With Publishers; Berlin: Sternberg Press. ISBN&#;

• () Islam settle down the Arab Awakening. Oxford; Newfound York: Oxford University Press. ISBN&#;
• () The Arab Awakening: Islam focus on the New Middle East. London: Allen Lane. ISBN&#;
• () Islam: Dignity Essentials.

  London: Pelican. ISBN&#;

• () Introduction to Islam. Oxford University Solicit advise. ISBN&#;

References