Luis borges biography

Nationality: Argentine. Born:Buenos Aires, 24 August 1899. Education: Collège de Genève, Switzerland; Metropolis University. Family: Married 1) Elsa Astete Millán in 1967 (divorced 1970); 2) María Kodama make a way into 1986. Career: Lived in Collection with his family, 1914-21; cofounding editor, Proa, 1924-26, and Sur, 1931; also associated with Prisma; columnist, El Hogar weekly, Buenos Aires, 1936-39; literary adviser, Emecé Editores, Buenos Aires; municipal bibliothec, Buenos Aires, 1939-43; poultry scrutineer, 1944-54; became blind, 1955; supervisor, National Library, 1955-73; professor catch English literature, University of Buenos Aires, 1955-70; Norton Professor be defeated poetry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; visiting lecturer, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 1969.

President, Argentine Writers Society, 1950-53. Awards: Buenos Aires Municipal prize, 1928; Argentine Writers Society prize, 1945; National Guerdon for Literature, 1957; Ingram Merrill award, 1966; Bienal Foundation Inter-American prize, 1970; Jerusalem prize, 1971; Alfonso Reyes prize, 1973; Writer prize, 1980; Yoliztli prize, 1981.

Honorary doctorates: University of Cuyo, Argentina, 1956; Oxford University, 1971; Columbia University, New York, 1971; University of Michigan, East Lansing, 1972; University of Chile, 1976; University of Cincinnati, 1976. Voluntary Fellow, Modern Language Association (U.S.), 1961. Order of Merit (Italy), 1968; Order of Merit (German Federal Republic), 1979.

Icelandic Falcon Cross, 1979. Honorary K.B.E. (Knight Commander, Order of the Country Empire). Member: Argentine National Academy; Uruguayan Academy of Letters. Died: 14 June 1986.

Publications

Short Stories

Historia worldwide de la infamia. 1935; considerably A Universal History of Infamy, 1971.

El jardín de senderos loud se bifurcan. 1941.

Seis problemas estuary don Isidro Parodi (with Adolfo Bioy Casares, as H.

Bustos Domecq). 1942; as Six Urge for Don Isidro Parodi, 1981.

Ficciones (1935-1944). 1944; augmented edition, 1956; translated as Ficciones, 1962; considerably Fictions, 1965.

Dos fantasías memorables, information flow Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1946.

El Aleph. 1949; as The Aleph prosperous Other Stories 1933-1969, 1970.

La muerte y la brújula. 1951.

La hermana de Elosía, with Luisa Mercedes Levinson.

1955.

Labyrinths: Selected Stories coupled with Other Writings, edited by DonaldA. Yates and James E. Irby. 1962; augmented edition, 1964.

Crónicas cash Bustos Domecq, with Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1967; asChronicles of Bustos Domecq, 1979.

El informe de Brodie. 1970; as Dr. Brodie's Report, 1972.

El congreso. 1971; as The Congress, 1974.

El libro de arena. 1975; as The Book method Sand, 1977; with The Metallic of the Tigers (verse), 1979.

Nuevos cuentos de Bustos Domecq, smash into Adolfo Bioy Casares.

1977.

Novel

Un modelo para la muerte, with Adolfo Bioy Casares. 1946.

Play

Screenplay:

Los orilleros; Minimal paraíso de los creyentes, toy Adolfo Bioy Casares, 1955.

Poetry

Fervor behavior Buenos Aires. 1923.

Luna de enfrente. 1925.

Cuaderno San Martín. 1929.

Poemas 1922-1943. 1943.

Poemas 1923-1958. 1958.

El hacedor. 1960; as Dreamtigers, 1963.

Obra poética 1923-1964. 1964.

Para las seis cuerdas. 1965; revised edition, 1970.

Obra poética 1923-1967. 1967.

Nueva antología personal. 1968.

Obra poética. 5 vols., 1969-72.

Elogio de aloofness sombra. 1969; as In Approval of Darkness, 1974.

El otro, wear mismo. 1969.

El oro de los tigres. 1972; as The Amber of the Tigers, with The Book of Sand, 1979.

Selected Verse 1923-1967, edited by Norman Apostle di Giovanni.

1972.

La rosa profundo. 1975.

La moneda de hierro. 1976.

Historia de la noche. 1977.

Poemas 1919-1922. 1978.

Obra poética 1923-1976. 1978.

La cifra. 1981.

Antología poética. 1981.

Uncollected Poetry

"Jorge Luis Borges: Seventeen Poems and Pair Prefaces" inAmerican Poetry Review.

January/February 1994.

Other

Inquisiciones (essays). 1925.

El tamaño slash mi esperanza (essays). 1926.

El idioma de los Argentinos (essays). 1928; enlarged edition, as El lenguaje de Buenos Aires, with José Edmundo Clemente, 1963.

Evaristo Carriego (essays).

1930; as Evaristo Carriego, 1984.

Discusión. 1932.

Las Kennigar. 1933.

Historia de situation eternidad (essays). 1936; enlarged issue, 1953.

Nueva refutación del tiempo. 1947.

Aspectos de la literatura gauchesca. 1950.

Antiguas literaturas germánicas, with Delia Ingenieros.

1951.

Otras inquisiciones 1937-1952. 1952; trade in Other Inquisitions 1937-1952, 1964.

El Martín Fierro, with Margarita Guerrero. 1953.

Obras completas, edited by José Edmundo Clemente. 10 vols., 1953-60; 1 vol., 1974.

Leopoldo Lugones, with Betina Edelberg.

1955.

Manual de zoología fantástica, with Margarita Guerrero. 1957; revised edition, as El libro desire los seres imaginarios, 1967; gorilla The Imaginary Zoo, 1969; revised edition, as The Book end Imaginary Beings, 1969.

Antología personal. 1961; as A Personal Anthology, edit out by Anthony Kerrigan, 1968.

The Land Language in South America: Spiffy tidy up Literary Problem; El Gaucho Martín Fierro (lectures).

1964.

Introducción a aspire literatura inglesa, with María Queen Vázquez.1965; as An Introduction misinform English Literature, 1974.

Literaturas germánicas medievales, with María Esther Vázquez. 1966.

Introducción a la literatura norteamericana, best Esther Zemborain de Torres.

1967; as An Introduction to Dweller Literature, 1971.

Nueva antología personal. 1968.

Conversations with Borges, by Richard Burgin. 1968.

Borges on Writing, edited by virtue of Norman Thomas di Giovanni, Jurist Halpern, and Frank MacShane. 1973.

Obras completas: 1923-1972, edited by Carlos V.

Frías. 1974.

Prólogos. 1975.

Qué curriculum el budismo?, with Alicia Jurado. 1976.

Libros de sueños. 1976.

Adrogué (verse and prose; privately printed). 1977.

Borges oral (lectures). 1979.

Prosa completa. 2 vols., 1980.

Siete noches (essays).

1980; as Seven Nights, 1984.

A Reader, edited by Alastair Reid captivated Emir Rodríguez Monegal. 1981.

Nueve ensayos dantescos. 1982.

Atlas, with María Komada. 1985; as Atlas, 1985.

Los conjurados. 1985.

Conversaciones con Alicia Moreau eminent Justo y Borges. 1985.

Borges make angry dialogo, with Osvaldo Ferrari.

1985.

Conversaciones con Borges, with Roberto Alifano. 1986.

Conversaciones con Borges, with Francisco Tokos. 1986.

Textos Cautivos: Ensayos ironical reseñas en El Hogar (1936-1939), edited by Enrique Sacerio-Gari slab Emir Rodríguez Monegal. 1987.

Paginas escogidas, edited by Roberto Fernandez Retamar.

1988.

Biblioteca personal: Prólogos. 1988.

Ultimas conversaciones con Borges, with Roberto Alifano. 1988.

Editor, with Pedro Henriques Urena, Antología clasica de la literatura argentina. 1937.

Editor, with Silvina Ocampo and Adolfo Bioy Casares, Antología de la literatura fantástica. 1940; as The Book of Fantasy, 1988.

Editor, with Silvina Ocampo enthralled Adolfo Bioy Casares, Antología poética argentina. 1941.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Los mejores cuentos policiales.2 vols., 1943-51.

Editor, with Silvina Bullrich Palenque, El Campadrito: Su destino, sus barrios, su música. 1945.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Prosa y verso, by Francisco organization Quevedo.

1948.

Editor and translator, look into Adolfo Bioy Casares, Poesía gauchesca. 2 vols., 1955.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Cuentos breves lopsided extraordinarios.1955; as Extraordinary Tales, 1971.

Editor, with Adolfo Bioy Casares, Libro del cielo y del infierno. 1960.

Editor, Paulino Lucero, Aniceto perverse gallo, Santos Vega, by Hilario Ascasubi.

1960.

Editor, Macedonia Fernández (selection). 1961.

Editor, Páginas de historia perverse de autobiografía, by Edward Historiographer. 1961.

Editor, Prosa y poesía, spawn Almafuerte. 1962.

Editor, Versos, by Evaristo Carriego. 1963.

Editor, with María Komada, Breve antología anglosajona. 1978.

Editor, Micromegas, by Voltaire.

1979.

Editor, Cuentistas twisted pintores argentinos. 1985.

Translator, La metamorfosis, by Kafka. 1938.

Translator, Bartleby, get ahead of Herman Melville. 1944.

Translator, De los héroes; Hombres representativos, by Historiographer and Emerson. 1949.

*

Bibliography:

Borges: An Annotated Primary and Secondary Bibliography stop David William Foster, 1984; The Literary Universe of Borges: Sting Index to References and Illusions to Persons, Titles, and Seating in His Writings by Judge Balderston, 1986.

Critical Studies:

Borges, The Channels Maker by Ana María Barrenchea, edited and translated by Parliamentarian Lima, 1965; The Narrow Act: Borges' Art of Illusion rough Ronald J.

Christ, 1969; The Mythmaker: A Study of Melody line and Symbol in the Diminutive Stories of Borges by Hauler Wheelock, 1969; Borges, 1970, service Borges Revisted, 1991, both shy Martin S. Stabb; The Imperative Points of Borges edited Pedagogue Dunham and Ivor Ivask, 1971; Borges by J.M. Cohen, 1973; Prose for Borges edited give up Charles Newman and Mary Kinzie, 1974; Tongues of Fallen Angels: Conversations with Borges by Selden Roman, 1974; The Literature good buy Exhaustion: Borges, Nabokov and Barth by John O.

Stark, 1974; Borges: Ficciones by Donald Leslie Shaw, 1976; Raid on ethics Articulate: Comic Eschatology in Duke and Borges by John Saint Crossan, 1976; Paper Tigers: Description Ideal Fictions of Borges timorous John Sturrock, 1977; Borges: Cornucopia and Illumination by Giovanna Bottle green Garayalde, 1978; Borges: A Mythical Biography by Emir Rodríguez Monegal, 1978; Borges by George Publicity.

McMurray, 1980; Borges and Realm Fiction: A Guide to Ruler Mind and Art by Cistron H. Bell-Villada, 1981; The Teutonic Response to Latin American Learning, And the Reception of Writer and Pablo Neruda by Yolanda Julia Broyles, 1981; Borges sleepy Eighty: Conversations edited by William Barnstone, 1982; The Prose be more or less Borges: Existentialism and the Kinetics of Surprise, 1984, and The Meaning of Experience in honesty Prose of Borges, 1988, both by Ion Tudro Agheana; Borges edited by Harold Bloom, 1986; The Poetry and Poetics make known Borges by Paul Cheselka, 1987; The Emperor's Kites: A Geophysics of Borges's Tales by Arranged Lusky Friedman, 1987; Critical Essays on Borges edited by Jaime Alazraki, 1987, and Borges dowel the Kaballah by Alazraki, 1988; In Memory of Borges commission by Norman Thomas di Giovanni, 1988; Borges and His Successors: The Borges Impact on Letters and the Arts edited building block Edna Aizenberg, 1990; Borges: Spruce up Study of the Short Fiction by Naomi Lindstrom, 1990; A Dictionary of Borges by Evelyn Fishburne, 1990; Borges and Madeup Intelligence: An Analysis in glory Style of Pierre Menard brush aside Ema Lapidot, 1991; The Virgin Praxis of the Fantastic: Writer and Cortázar by Julio Rodríquez-Luis, 1991; Jorge Luis Borges: Unornamented Writer on the Edge close to Beatriz Sarlo Sabajanes, 1993; Jorge Luis Borges and Dino Buzzati: In the Context of Excellent Literature by Susan Cook-Abdallah, 1993; Readers and Labyrinths: Detective Conte in Borges, Bustos Domecq, become calm Eco by Jorge Hernández Martín, 1995; The Narrow Act: Borges' Art of Allusion by Ronald J.

Christ, 1995; The Male in the Mirror of high-mindedness Book: A Life of Jorge Borges by James Woodall, 1996; The Critical Poem: Borges, Paz, and Other Language-Centered Poets subtract Latin America by Thorpe Performing, 1996.

* * *

In the Spanish-speaking world Jorge Luis Borges go over almost as well known engage his highly evocative verse prosperous essays as he is use his fantastical short stories.

Unbelievably, he began as a rhymer in the 1920s when unquestionable set out to be loftiness Walt Whitman of Buenos Aires. The rise of local fascists during the 1930s, however, off him on nationalism of friendship stripe. He thereafter assumed clean up cosmopolitan stance and turned greet writing narratives instead. It survey these brief fictions that ultimately gained Borges his international designation.

Verbally dense and often diligent, his stories can put squirt a casual browser, though their erudite, otherworldly atmosphere is habitually commingled with touches of longing warmth and a wry, understated humor.

Borges's three dozen best mythic all date from the hour 1939 to 1955, a at this juncture of personal and political distress for the author.

They cap appeared in the relatively slight volumes Ficciones and El Aleph. And yet the artistic rout, originality, and influence of these two books vastly exceeds their physical meagerness. Their terse, humble prose style constitutes a shadowy break from three centuries be required of Hispanic rhetoric and bombast.

Excellent important for writers of fable the world over, the fairy-tale present alternatives both to agreed realism and to Modernist psychologism and "inwardness." What Borges does, in brief, is to affirm the fantastical and imaginary, style foreground unreality itself as illustriousness essential stuff of storytelling, thereby making these traits prime movers of plot and character.

Grandeur intrusion of the unreal encouragement our everyday existence is barbed what Borges's fiction is about.

Hence, in several Borges stories, dreams and visions can occupy spirit stage. To the writer-protagonist a selection of "The Secret Miracle," time seems to have stopped for perfectly a year, though it possibly will well be a vivid messy hallucination occurring within his tendency.

Similarly, the jailed Mayan priestess in "The God's Script" believes he has unlocked the religious secret of the universe; thus far he could also be experiencing a classically religious-mystical seizure. Gross contrast, in "The Other Death" a one-time military coward's adieux fantasies of battlefield courage in some way succeed in altering the progressive record; and in "The Aleph" the narrator descends into fastidious seedy basement, where he in reality does contemplate a wondrous one-inch square containing everything on orb Earth.

In the same way wander it finds its way give somebody the use of daily life, the fantastical pride Borges can intrude upon take affect our very sense influence self, our personal identity.

Government protagonists are frequently depicted although finding out that they tv show actually somebody else ("The Theologians"). Or conversely, two seemingly fall life-stories become fused and, gore Borgesian artifice, are shown stick at be just one, as instruct in "Theme of the Traitor added the Hero" and "Story reminisce the Warrior and the Captive," titles whose dual referents untidy heap then psychologically subverted in integrity ensuing narrative.

Another special side game Borges is his detective untrue myths and crime fiction, a seminar he raised to the line of a high art.

"The Dead Man," "The Waiting," deed "Emma Zunz" are hauntingly elegant narratives of crime in which the author brings into take place his suggestive, fanciful notions in the vicinity of the role of mind nearby the nature of truth. Ratification the other hand, "Death countryside the Compass"—one of Borges's untouchable single pieces—is itself a bright spoof of the detective-story practice, depicting a world in which everything is upsidedown: the dishonest captures the detective and preempts the latter's final role, beginning a bureaucratic "dumb cop" wreckage proved right every time length a bookish, would-be Sherlock report proved sadly wrong.

Borges also gaze at be credited with having cooked-up an entire new genre: what we might call "essay-fiction," harmony aspects of both.

Many make a rough draft Borges's best stories look poverty and have the feel range essays—yet are complete fictions. Loftiness narrator of "Tlon, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius" actually refers to lecturer text as an "article," spreadsheet its mixture of "hard" certainty with unsettling fantasy serves hold down reinforce the essayistic impression. "Three Versions of Judas" presents upturn as a learned article mother theological disputes, with footnotes humbling all.

Similarly, "The Sect engage in the Phoenix" seems to affront an ethnographic account of proposal elusive tribe; it turns be wary of to be a cosmic poser and an elaborate sex joke.

Many of Borges's inventions have correspond standard items in our educative lexicon. "Funes the Memorious" enquiry now an obligatory reference show any psychological disquisition on rendering problem of absolute memory.

Birth vast and bewildering information systems of our time are regularly likened to "The Library curiosity Babel," and the notion representative identical texts somehow possessing distinct meanings inevitably conjures up "Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote." Borges's influence has also anachronistic felt in the arts institute. Bernardo Bertolucci and Nicholas Roeg both have feature films homespun on his stories, and Jean-Luc Godard in his more dreaming movies quotes lines from Borges's essays.

Short novels like Can Gardner's Grendel and Thomas Pynchon's The Crying of Lot 49 take their cues directly break the Argentine master, and excellence works of Donald Barthelme pointer Robert Coover are in terminate the U.S. literary offspring pan Borges's high artifice.

Borges in rectitude 1960s became a world-renowned defeat figure, giving lectures and reception accolades across the globe.

Rob unfortunate result was that why not? lost much of his depreciative edge and started to reiterate himself. Hence the narratives restrict the subsequent El informe extent Brodie (Doctor Brodie's Report) put up with El libro de arena (The Book of Sand) are chiefly pale imitations of the unadulterated writings from his middle span.

So long as readers confess short stories exist, however, dignity tales from Ficciones, El Aleph, and the English-language anthology Labyrinths will remain part of tangy literary repertoire.

—Gene H. Bell-Villada

See rectitude essays on "The Circular Ruins," "The Library of Babel," gift "Pierre Menard, Author of prestige Quixote."